Existentialism :: essays research papers

Existentialism is perhaps one of the worlds oldest philosophies. It has been dated back to nineteenth-century Danish and Greek philosophers. It is a simple idea, yet it has so galore(postnominal) different ideals within it that it is almost impossible to define. There are many parts that make up one whole, basic idea. The many parts submit been defined by famous existentialist artists and writers such as, Nietzsche, Chamfort, Sartre, and Kafka. These works have all proven many points about existentialism however, even the pros can non decide on one basic idea. That is why there are so many different interpretations of this famous ideal. If there were a single definition it would have some social function to do with having your accept ideas and being free to choose any path. If you were a believer in existentialistic ideals chances are you would not participate in society and/or your own life very much. Albert Camus believed that to be a true existentialist you had to remove yours elf from society as much as possible since a belief in the foundation of government was to conform. Conforming to society norms is considered bad, it doesnt allow the individual to progress and reach his own decisions Camus realized, however, that restricting himself from all social conformity was impossible. In his award-winning book, The Stranger, Camus depicts a man with very little emotion. Once in a while he shows a bit of heart, but for the most part, he is gives a robotic appearance. This character is based on existentialistic views, he tries to stay out of society as much as he can. He does the same thing from day to day. The character expresses no feeling about anything except that light is a sign of evil or annoyance, while the dark becomes a entrust of calm and seriousness. In society, the common idea is that light is good and evil grows in the darkest of places, but in Albert Camus novel, evil is good and the light is bad. Theyre many opposite parts of existentialism. Camus influenced many of the writings on this subject although he did not stand unchallenged. Many existentialists believed that man had no reason for life. In other words, there was no God and no reason to live life with rules of any kind because there is nothing in the end anyway. This thought did not gain the existentialist popularity with many religions.

Hamlet, Act 1 Scene 1 Essay -- essays research papers

One of the best known pieces of literature throughout the world, Hamlet is also grant a position of excellence as a work of art. One of the elements which makes this play one of such(prenominal) prestige is the manner in which the story unfolds. throughout time, Shakespeare has been renowned for writing excellent superlative opening scenes for his plays. By reviewing Act 1, Scene 1 of Hamlet, the endorser is able to establish a clear perceptiveness of events to come. This scene effectively sets a strong vagary for the events to come, gives authorized background information, and introduces the main characters. With the use of this information, it is simple to see how Shakespeare manages to create stories with such everlasting appeal.     In Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 1 proves to be a vital element to understanding the play. One meaning(a) task it serves is to determine the mood of the play. From the beginning of the scene, the reader is aware of the atmosphere of mistrust and uncertainty lingering in the air. When the reader is first introduced to the main characters outside the castle, they are suspiciously asking each other(a) to identify themselves. Everyone seems to be on edge from the start, as if anticipating something. Another factor that reveals a mood of wariness and caution is how the night is dark, the air is chilling, and the characters speak of "the hot cold," (p. 9, ln.8). This evokes a mood of foreboding and mystery. At one point, Fransisco ends his watch thankfully because, "he is sick at heart," (p.9, Ln. 10). Shortly after the atmosphere is created, the reader is introduced to the motif of a ghost, which sets a mood of dread and eerieness. The men speak of the ghost with great fear, and are very apprehensive to witness it again. Also introduced is the impression of finis and the supernatural. Although it is assumed that the ghost is that of the late king, it is also presented that perhaps it is a demon, posing as the king. And if it is a ghost, why has it returned? The appearance of a wordless ghost is an important dramatic device that Shakespeare uses to rivet attention to the action, as well as to set the tone of the story. With use of such elements, Shakespeare effectively paints a distinct mood for the remainder of the play.      In addition to setting a mood for the story, the first scen... ...uced in Act 1 Scene 1 is Horatio. He is a dependable friend and confidant to Prince Hamlet. When the men learn of the ghost, Horatio decides that they must let Hamlet know of what they have seen. This in turn, begins the plot. From his description of Julius Caesar and the times of the Romans, we also learn that he is very educated and intelligent. Horatio is well informed and very aware of the circumstances surrounding him. Nearer to the end of the scene, the presence of Prince Hamlet is introduced, although he is not provided present on the scene.    & nbsp By studying Hamlet, it is plain to see that this is a timeless story of mystery, drama and sometimes humour. In order to achieve such greatness, there is a specific criteria that the author must meet. In history, Shakespeare was renowned for writing riveting opening scenes for his plays. From these superior introductions, the reader is exposed to many important factors. Mood, background data and characters are all vital aspects of the play which are shown in the first scene alone. With this information, the reader is armed with the tools that will help them break understand and appreciate the amazing events to come.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

Through the chronicles of history there have always been heroes. Men and women that stand up and take charge and are moral leaders of countries. Joan of Arc, Napoleon, Genghis caravan inn and Churchill are only a few examples of commonwealth that are remember eternally for what they have done. There are also other leaders that people would like to forget because they are moral cowards cleansing their subject and causing evil. Stalin, Fidel Castro, and the Character of Macbeth are all examples of this. Macbeth is a moral coward. During the play Macbeth often shows that he is morale coward. For instance, when he is planning Duncan&8217s murder. Likewise he also shows cowardice by killing Banquo. Lastly he shows how spineless he is when he orders Macduffs family to be murdered.A coward is an individual that is easily scared or has difficulty performing functions because of possible reprocutions. Macbeth shows notable cowardice when planning the murder of Duncan. Macbeth leans from o ne grimace to the other because he is fearful of the reprocutions. Macbeth says, &8220 If we should fail. This shows that he is fearful and too cowardly to act. Lady Macbeth also states, &8220Are thou afeard to be the same in thine own act. Again showing how cowardly Macbeth is because he will not act. Likewise Macbeth is a coward because he murders Duncan in the middle of the night and does not roll a formal challenge. Instead he pretends to be his friend then kills Duncan while he is sleeping. This is what a coward would do.Likewise Macbeth also shows cowardice by killing Banquo. This shows cowardice on Macbeth&8217s part because his only true reason for killing him is that he is afraid of Banquo&8217s royalty of nature. Banquo poses no real terror to Macbeth&8217s throne and is visibly loyal to him. Still Macbeth fears Banquo because he is a good guy and is very respected. Macbeth is spineless because he even believes that his friend is after(prenominal) him and is a danger t o his throne. Macbeth says &8220our fears in Banquo stick deep, and in his royalty of nature reigns that which would be feared. Macbeth is pusillanimous to the point that he even believes that his friend posses the greatest aspiration for him as king. As well as this Macbeth is also a coward because he himself does not kill Banquo.

Love and Hate in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay examples -- Shake

Analyze the Portrayal of Love and Hate in Romeo and JulietThe emotions of love and detest are at the forefront of the theme in this walkover by William Shakespeare. The Oxford Standard English Dictionary defines love as to have pixilated feelings of affection for another big and be romantically and sexually attracted to them, or to feel great affection for a friend or person in your family and defines hate as a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action dislike intensely, to feel antipathy or aversion towards someone or something. However, words lavnot portray much(prenominal) wide and powerful emotions. Love and hate include elements of life, passion, long-term bonding and dislike, detestation and loathing respectively. It is because Shakespeare incorporates all(prenominal) of these elements into the play that Romeo and Juliet is the last fib of love and hate.The quarrel that exists between the two houses is demonstrated to the audition in the very front scene and this sets the tone for the rest of the play. As you know, the first impressions of the characters are extremely principal(prenominal) so the quarrels and the duel prepare the interview for what is to come. We also learn that the feud isnt just between the heads of the two household, but The quarrel is between our master and us their men (I.i.17). Only the disgust and contempt that each house shows for the other on this level can be regarded as true hate. The deep feelings of hate that are demonstrated hither show that the characters are serious in what they say, and this helps to add a serious note to their joking and mocking of each other, which in turn adds credibility to their proposed actions.The first impression of Tybalt is one of evil as he enters during a fight which associa... ...rs a resemblance to the works on which it is based, it is also quite similar in plot, theme, and dramatic ending to the story of Pyramus and Thisbe. Shakespeare was well aware of this simila rity, he includes a reference to Thisbe in Romeo and Juliet and one can look at the play-within-a-play in A Midsummer Nights Dream as a distortion of the story that Shakespeare tells in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in across-the-board knowledge that the story he was sexual congress was old, clichd, and an easy target for parody. In writing Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare unreservedly set himself the task of telling a love story despite the considerable forces he knew were busty against its success. Through the incomparable intensity of his language Shakespeare succeeded in this effort, writing a play that is universally accepted in Western culture as the ultimate love story. Love and Hate in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay examples -- ShakeAnalyze the Portrayal of Love and Hate in Romeo and JulietThe emotions of love and hate are at the forefront of the theme in this play by William Shakespeare. The Oxford Standard English Dictionary define s love as to have strong feelings of affection for another adult and be romantically and sexually attracted to them, or to feel great affection for a friend or person in your family and defines hate as a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action dislike intensely, to feel antipathy or aversion towards someone or something. However, words cannot portray such wide and powerful emotions. Love and hate include elements of life, passion, long-term bonding and dislike, disgust and loathing respectively. It is because Shakespeare incorporates each of these elements into the play that Romeo and Juliet is the ultimate story of love and hate.The feud that exists between the two houses is demonstrated to the audience in the very first scene and this sets the tone for the rest of the play. As you know, the first impressions of the characters are extremely important so the quarrels and the duel prepare the audience for what is to come. We also learn that the feud isnt just between the heads of the two household, but The quarrel is between our masters and us their men (I.i.17). Only the disgust and contempt that each house shows for the other on this level can be regarded as true hate. The deep feelings of hate that are demonstrated here show that the characters are serious in what they say, and this helps to add a serious note to their joking and mocking of each other, which in turn adds credibility to their proposed actions.The first impression of Tybalt is one of evil as he enters during a fight which associa... ...rs a resemblance to the works on which it is based, it is also quite similar in plot, theme, and dramatic ending to the story of Pyramus and Thisbe. Shakespeare was well aware of this similarity, he includes a reference to Thisbe in Romeo and Juliet and one can look at the play-within-a-play in A Midsummer Nights Dream as a distortion of the story that Shakespeare tells in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in full knowledge that t he story he was telling was old, clichd, and an easy target for parody. In writing Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare unreservedly set himself the task of telling a love story despite the considerable forces he knew were stacked against its success. Through the incomparable intensity of his language Shakespeare succeeded in this effort, writing a play that is universally accepted in Western culture as the ultimate love story.

A Comparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance Period Essay

A Comparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance PeriodIntroductionThis reputation will compare the themes found in the paintings Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and an Angel by Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini (Puligo) and Madonna Enthroned by Giotto. Both paintings deal with fables from the Christian confidence but were executed during different periods in art. The Giotto painting was created around 1310 and the Puglio painting was executed between 1518 1520. Here, these two paintings have similar themes both at the perfect beginnings and endings of the Italian Renaissance, and as such they serve to present an exceptional example of the developments in art that occurred within that time. This paper shall compare these two paintings through addressing a series of questions on the subject.Subject Matter or IconographyMadonna Enthroned is the earlier of the two works to be surveyed in this paper, and as such there is a great deal more popularity surrounding this work. The image is simple The subject matter is religious and concerns a host of holy figures surrounding the Madonna with an child figure of Christ on her lap. Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and Angel is similar in that other holy figures are gathered to pay their value to Christ but the scene is more open and less focused on just the two central figures. Madonna and Child in my sagaciousness is therefore a more complex composition, where instead of having two recogn...

A Comparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance Period Essay

A Comparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance PeriodIntroductionThis musical theme will compare the themes found in the paintings Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and an Angel by Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini (Puligo) and Madonna Enthroned by Giotto. Both paintings deal with fables from the Christian corporate trust but were executed during different periods in art. The Giotto painting was created around 1310 and the Puglio painting was executed between 1518 1520. Here, these two paintings have similar themes both at the intense beginnings and endings of the Italian Renaissance, and as such they serve to present an exceptional example of the developments in art that occurred within that time. This paper shall compare these two paintings through addressing a series of questions on the subject.Subject Matter or IconographyMadonna Enthroned is the earlier of the two works to be surveyed in this paper, and as such there is a great deal more popularity surrounding th is work. The image is simple The subject matter is religious and concerns a host of holy figures surrounding the Madonna with an infant figure of Christ on her lap. Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and Angel is similar in that other holy figures are gathered to pay their consider to Christ but the scene is more open and less focused on just the two central figures. Madonna and Child in my sentiment is therefore a more complex composition, where instead of having two recogn...

Explain Biblical Ideas About the Goodness of God Essay

Throughout the bible the trade good of idol is shown in numerous ways, the bible pre moves divinity as being morally perfect, and everything that he is or will ever be is also presented as morally perfect The discussion presents beau lofty as benevolent, an all loving figure. It displays this in a number of ways throughout the Bible, the first and possible the most important way is in the first book of the Bible, Genesis.Genesis states that everything that God creates is Very good When God created the sphere in the Genesis creation story he commanded various things. And God said, Let there be light and there was light, and God saw the light, that it was good and God divided the light from the darkness . (Genesis 13-4). The authors of the bible when assess God do so because he provides reason for it.The creation of animals, plants and waters are all necessary for the sustainment of life, and religion, Be fruitful and multiply match the earth and subdue it have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth and God said, See, I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the face of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed to you it shall be for food. (Genesis 128-29). roughly Christians believe that there is still goodness like Gods around us today in the form of stewardship. We look after our world to improve it so we can pass it on to the next generation. Another way in which the bible shows Gods goodness is Christians believe that Gods goodness is shown in his son Jesus, and his sacrifice in the name of God. Jesus came to earth as God in human form, he done this to experience the lives of his people.God thought it was all well and good requesting people to follow rules but because he cares he wanted to experience the lives of his believers and the difficulties they incur so he sent Jesus. Jesus was the ideal of moral goodness for humanity he displayed the ri ght way in which people should treat each other and how to worship God, and this was enter and passed onto future generations by it being retold in the bible, even today people can still read it and gain knowledge of Gods sacrifice.The form of good describe in the bible is very different from Platos form of good Platos form of good was perfect and it didnt exist on Earth it existed in the realm, reservation it a concept and not personal to anyone, Platos form of good doesnt take an interest in situations or in life, it just simply exists, where as the idea of Gods good in the bible focuses almost entirely on moral behaviour. It is concerned that humanity should be making the right choices to life by and always aims to be good.Platos form of the good is perfect, but because it doesnt physically exist what ever goodness is on earth is only of simulate of the ideal thence making it imperfect when it is practiced. So whatever you think you are doing is good, it is not. However God b elieves that everyone can be morally good thus living their lives accordingly. As soon as God creates humans he gives them rules of follow, they are to take responsibility for the earth he has created and not take from the tree of knowledge.This shows that he cares not for worship being their main duty, but he takes an interest in their lives. Gods goodness is also shown through his love in the bible, God gives humans free will, to make their own moral decisions but he clearly sets out what is right and what is wrong. However he doesnt force them into obeying those rules, he is loving and lets them choose for themselves, this is an act of love.He knows that because he has made man in his image (Genesis 127) they are like God and they know what is pass judgment of them. Even thought they havent been socialised they still know what is morally right. Plato would agree with this statement because he believes we all have knowledge of ideal forms from birth. God commands things to be goo d because he is omniscient and knows all. So everything that he commands will be perfect, good and loving.

ESL teacher classroom techniques Essay

The purpose of this study was to assess the specific schoolroom techniques use by ESL t separatelyers to encumber /solve possible discipline related problems while employing accommodative activities with students. In this Enriched ESL co-op schoolroom the t individu entirelyyer integrates instructional strategies that facilitate and encourage interaction, collaboration and investigation in the nurture environment. The students in the class are non passive learners but are actively involved in the accomplishment process, taking responsibleness for their own learning.One of the major aspects of a accommodating learning environment is oral communication between and among students and with the classroom teacher. Students get a chance to tattle of a multiplicity of issues that are relevant to the class and explore new concepts in their interactions. This type of learning and peer-to-peer interaction totallyow students to be engaged in the decision making process of their educ ation and to contribute meaningfully to their own learning and that of their peers.In the accommodative ESL classroom interaction is unavoidable. Students cook to work with each other in order to make learning meaningful and to develop the communicative skills necessary for useful function in the real-world language setting. Students need to witness comfortable interacting with each other, sharing ideas, investigating and exploring their language environment and functional out solutions to problems.Thus on the road to developing competency in English students will make believe to make both an individual and a collaborative effort since one of the characteristics of language learning is to develop the social techniques that will suspensor the learner understand how to use the language in a variety of cultural settings. Of course since interaction is intrinsic to the ESL classroom so is the potential for fighting and disciplinary concerns in the classroom.The ESL teacher needs to develop the right skills overtime to manage interactive behaviors in the classroom so that objectives are wined and indiscipline and other disruptive behaviors are avoided. In the current study the researcher wanted to determine the behaviors most frequently employed by ESL teachers within the conjunct learning context in response to or as a way of thwarting any potential disciplinary or non- working class-related matters. The research questions that command this research were in that locationfore . What classroom way techniques are ESL teachers using in the classroom in order to maintain discipline while practiceing cooperative learning activities? 2. Can effective classroom management lead to successful service of cooperative learning activities and control discipline within congregations? In order to accomplish the objectives of the study and to respond to the research questions a mixed methods research approach was taken. This involved the rumpleing of both qualita tive and quantitative data.A questionnaire survey, administered to the ESL teacher, was utilize to gather the qualitative data. The quantitative data was obtained through annotations of the teachers classroom behavior in cooperative learning sessions. Participants This study was conducted in a classroom setting and involved an ESL teacher and 28 students, in a francophone private school in Quebec City, Canada. The ESL teacher is a fairly young teacher who has been working at this private school for the past 9 years.The students are primarily from very affluent backgrounds. This is probably because the school charges a very high angle for students wishing to attend and thus only the children of parents of a high socio-economic status, who can afford those fees, are able to attend. The students were observed in their ESL class. They were taking the ELA curriculum in grade 5. ELA is a program for high school students in grade 4 and 5. Students in this program would have completed t he EESL program and succeeded the ESL core interrogative sentence at the end of grade 3.The demographics of the students were 16 girls and 12 boys. They were aged between 15 and 17 years old. This group of students and the ESL teacher were selected because they were utilizing cooperative learning strategies at the time of the research. In fact, the students observed in this study had been taking part in cooperative learning for quite some time. Data collection peter A variety of instruments were apply in the process of data collection. An initial set of data was collected from the ESL teacher using a squall hearing.The discourse included a series of question on how the teacher implemented cooperative learning in her classroom (Appendix 1). The 11 questions on the interview were develop by the researcher. Another instrument used was the Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching, (COLT) observation scheme by Spada and Frohlich (1995) for the periods of observation in the c lassroom (Appendix 2). The COLT scheme has been used for decades by classroom researchers in examining interactive classroom behaviors.The COLT scheme was used in its original format, without any modifications, except that the researcher used only the sections on activities and episodes, participant organization and content for the purposes of the research. Data collection procedure The study was conducted at the end of February, at the beginning of the last term of the school year. The students were pass judgment to graduate at the end of the term. In the initial phase of the study the researcher contacted the ESL teacher to respond to the interview questions over the phone.This conversation was alike used to make arrangements for a meeting at the school to discuss a few things that needed clarification. The purpose of the interview was to discover the teachers mental attitude towards cooperative working activities, how the teacher used cooperative learning in her classroom, the kind of classroom management techniques she used to instill discipline while implementing cooperative activities and students participation in group work activities.The second part of the study involved classroom observations of the same teacher, interacting with a group of 28 students enrolled in the ELA program in grade 5 of high school. The purpose of the observations was to validate the information gathered during the interview. The COLT scheme (Spada, & Frolich, 1995) was used to collect this data. The classroom observations were conducted during three (3) separate classroom periods of 75 minutes duration each while the students were involved in cooperative activities.The research made the checks and marks under the appropriate categories of the COLT. The researcher check up on each time the ESL teacher had to intervene in order to direct the students back to their work. The participants were observed three clock on three different age of the week in ESL classes where the s tudents where involved in cooperative activities. One of the observations weas do during the commencement period of the morning, the second was done during the second period and the third observation was done during the last period on Friday afternoon.In the classroom the teacher assigned the students to groups of 4. There were 7 groups. Each student chose one of four topics for a project and they were grouped based on their pick. The teacher provided students with 4 different topics which were then numbered. She finally set up the groups by placing the students together trying to respect, as much as possible, the students personal choice. The teacher and students arranged the desks arranged in pairs side-by-side opposite another pair. Such arrangement enabled students to talk to each other with ease.The main characteristics observed by the researcher were students behavior and teachers interventions during the cooperative learning. This kind of observation was chosen because it gave an idea of the actual classroom practice in terms of students behavior and the teachers interventions. This may allow some generalization of the results to other classes and teachers that use cooperative learning. Data synopsis procedure When all the data were collected the information collected from the COLT (Spada & Frohlich, 1995) was analyzed.The teachers interventions were tallied for each observation period and the three periods were compared. The teachers responses during the headphone interview, and the information from the COLT scheme, as gathered through observations, were overly compared. The purpose of this comparison was to determine the correlation between the reported classroom management techniques that the teacher mentioned during the interview and the actual practices used in the classroom. Results and analysis The data reveal the nature of teachers interventions and the students behavior during cooperative learning activities.The researcher observed the ES L teacher three measure. During the first observation, the teacher had to intervene a total of 12 times. The teacher intervened 3 times to give group feedback and remind the students that they were to read and follow instructions in their booklet, 3 times to refocus students on the task because they were doing something besides their project, 3 times to remind students to communicate in the target language and three times 3 times when she noticed that some students were not working on their projects.During the second period of observation, the teacher had to spend some time reminding students that they were expected to fill the roles they had been assigned by the group. Also, she reminded them that eachone was to contribute to the success of their project. The teacher intervened 8 times during this period 3 times to remind students to communicate in the target language, twice to give feedback to some groups, 3 times to counter inappropriate behavior among certain groups where t he students did not display behavior appropriate to the classroom. During the third period of observation, the teacher had to intervene 15 times. of the interventions were to remind students to use the target language in the classroom, 3 times to refocus students on the task because they were doing something besides their project, 4 times for displaying behavior inappropriate to the classroom and 4 times because students were not fulfilling their roles in the group. Some of the more common disruptive behaviors that were noted include drawing obscenities, spend too much time sharpening their pencils, browsing fancy magazines and passing objects other than their project amongst the groups members.Students sometimes were talking to another group. During the third period one all important(predicate) observation was that students stopped working and arranged their bag while there was still about 8 minutes left in the period. The teacher used that time to settle students and remind the m that they had only dickens periods left to finish their project. In examining the teachers reported estimation of the frequency of interventions during cooperative activities as stated during the interview and comparing them to the classroom observation, the results showed that the reported and actual practices were closely aligned.With respect to the techniques used to instill discipline during cooperative learning activities the classroom observations and the telephone interview also demonstrate a positive relationship. For the most part the groups were cooperative. Only 42. 86% of the students, 3 out of 7 groups, displayed problems staying on task. These groups appeared not to have shared the tasks amongst themselves fairly. The teacher had to visit this group very often to ensure that they were working.Observations of the ESL teacher revealed that she used effective cooperative activities which decreased the problems of classroom management to a tolerable level which led stud ents to effectively work in cooperative activities in the classroom. In order to create a successful environment so that students could work effectively in groups, the observed teacher tried many techniques to manage cooperative learning. From the interview she indicated that she used cooperative activities quite frequently. She gave students roles such as Captain English.This student was to ensure that the entire group used only English in the class. The secretary had to note decisions and ideas during brainstorming and other activities. The president was in charge of seeing that everyone had been working and checking that all the documents were submitted on time. Finally, there was Captain Cheer-up. This persons duty was to cheer up the team, motivating them whenever they had successfully accomplished a task and was ready to go forward in the project. The ELS teacher assigned the students to group using the students choice of a topic.Based on the report from the teacher group for mation has an important role in the success of cooperative activities and students would make the best of their experience in cooperative working if the groups were heterogeneous. The students were quite comfortable working with each other and the teacher. They had been taking the same level English course and they had been studying together for two year. Many of them knew each other very well and were close friends. This is also true of the ESL teacher who had been teaching the same group for come time.According to the teacher, students should not be allowed to choose their peers to form their own teams to do cooperative working otherwise they might not work well and spend the time to talk about things out of the subject. The observed teacher had already explained to the students the most important points in order to obtain better results when working in cooperative learning. She had also explained the different roles the students should hold while working in teams. She had also ta ught the students how to share the task within the group members and she had emphasized the importance of grouping making.Correct choice of group size was one of the techniques that the teacher used to ensure that the teacher was able to effectively manage student behavior during cooperative working. Research suggests that group sizes should not be too big, a reasonable size being two to four students. The teacher also walked among the groups to ensure that they stayed on task and level off offered them needed feedback. According to the teacher, feedback is extremely important for the success of cooperative working as it gives the students the opportunity to adapt themselves according to the teachers instructions.The teacher willy-nilly selected a student from each team to present his or her group results. It was a steady-going strategy to make sure that students had worked effectively and that everyone in the team was prepared give respond in case he or she was selected. Reward was primordial in order to raise motivation amongst the groups. The teacher rewarded every team that had worked hard. She also asked students to divide the work into parts and write their names according to what each students responsibilities were. DiscussionThere are bound studies examining effective classroom management techniques for cooperative learning activities in ESL classrooms. The purpose of this study was to fill the gap in the existing literature by discovering and highlighting the specific classroom techniques used by ESL teachers to manage cooperative learning activities successfully by addressing the questions what management classroom techniques can teachers use in the classroom in order to instill discipline and implement cooperative learning activities? nd can effective classroom management lead to successful reformment of cooperative learning activities and control discipline within the groups? This study has attempted to show different ways in which the cooper ative teaching method could improve students behavior and help classroom discipline. With principles such as positive interdependence, face-to-face promoting interactions, individual and group accountability, interpersonal, small group skills and group processing, cooperative learning has all the necessary elements to ensure that discipline is maintained in the classroom.The current research conforms to existing research paradigms on classroom management and the results are representative of earlier findings in this area. In examining the effect of classroom management on the success of cooperative learning, this study, like others before it, showed that group formation is an effective classroom management tool for cooperative learning activities. Research recommends randomly assigned heterogeneous groups of students to form success cooperative groups.This study supported the finding that these groups are successfully managed in the classroom and are preferred to homogenous, self-s elected groups (Emmer, Gerwels & Austin, 2005). The students in this group performed well because groups were heterogeneous so the students were able to profit from everybodys contribution. The data collected also showed that group size was a very important factor in helping to ensure classroom management success in cooperative learning strategies.Studies also support that assigning specific roles to each student in a group ensures that everyone stays on task and that cooperative learning strategies would be more successful. This success is even further assured when students respect the roles they have in the group. Researchers have suggested the use of rewards to help motivate students to stay on task and to successfully complete activities in cooperative learning groups. The teacher in this study employed rewards to hardworking groups and this was able to motivate them to perform well.When members of the group come across forward to a reward they will ensure that each works in co mpleting the task so that all the members would benefit, they are aware that nonstarter of one person to do what is required would result in the failure of the entire group. One thing that was immediately obvious from the observations was that students were, for the most part, aware of good cooperative skills. The students in this group have been involved in cooperative learning for quite a while and thus this exposure might have helped them to develop proper cooperative learning strategies.While there were some disruptions during the class, these were not significant enough to take away from the cooperative task and students by and large appeared to understand what was required in the cooperative groups and the proper procedures they needed to follow. Overall, the study has shown that it is possible to use cooperative learning and manage the classroom successfully. Nevertheless, all the elements of successful cooperative learning have to be adhered to in order to obtain good resul ts. Moreover, the students must be aware of what is expected in cooperative activities.This study fits well in the existing literature on cooperative learning and classroom management. It could help ESL teacher with their classroom management while doing cooperative learning and administrators when they are examining, planning and implementing alternative teaching strategies and approaches. Conclusion This study supported the idea that cooperative learning, if used effectively, can help teachers manage their classes. If cooperative learning is implemented effectively, it could facilitate the effective management of the classroom.However, there are many elements that should be taken into consideration to attain such result. Based on these finding, teachers need to pay more attention to the classroom management techniques they use during cooperative learning. This study showed that it is possible for ESL teachers to implement cooperative learning and manage their classroom successfull y if they have effective classroom management techniques. Knowing that classroom management is an important element for the success of cooperative learning, this study aimed to help teachers who implement this method for the first time to better manage their classes.This study has many limitations. Only one ESL teacher and one group of high school students in grade 5 participated in the study. Moreover, the research group was already organized when the research did the observation. Due to time constraints, the researcher could not observe the ESL teacher with her students more than three times. The results of this study provide a description of the implementation of cooperative learning that is specific to the participating teacher. Amongst all the techniques used by the ESL teacher during the observation, there is one that the teachers did not implement in her classroom.She did not have the students write a daily report to inform what they had done on that day and who had done what in the project. Therefore, more research is needed to determine the extent to which these results could be if such technique should be applied. This study showed how the ESL teacher managed her classroom and how the students behaved during cooperative learning. However, it is not easy to generalize the results because the observations were done by only one researcher. The results needed to be validated by another observer.

The New Plant Manager

CASE 1 THE NEW PLANT MANAGER I. TITLE The New Plant music director II. POINT OF VIEW As a Manager III. THE PROBLEM How can the company even without Toby Butterfield meet its calculate and productivity quotas? IV. OBJECTIVES 1. To understand wherefore organizational behaviour is important in an organization. 2. To know the appropriate attitude of a film director in an organization. 3. To analyze organization behavior from the perspective of acquirement of an organization. V. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION 1. The Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior speaks about how an individual or a group of people acts within an organization.As a broadcastt manager he must consider how to act professionally. He must know how to act the proper organization behavior even though he is the transport of the figuret. 2. The Newly Assigned Assistant Plant Manager The Montclair Company is having difficulty meeting its budget & production quotas, the main reason why Toby Butterfield was promoted a s the new assistant ground manager of the company. 3. The SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strengths- Butterfield as a new assistant plant supervisor produced a remarkable way out in the companys production quotas in which the productivity cursorily exceeded by 7 percent and within five months the plant was within budget. Weaknesses- Butterfield being ambitious and power-oriented wherein he dismissed three supervisors who had failed to meet their production quotas and as a result five other supervisors resigned. Opportunities- Promotion to New York home office because of his outstanding record. Threats- The fall of productivity after Butterfield left the Houston Plant. VI.ALTERNATIVE COURSES 1. The remaining employees should plan for what is the crush thing to do in order to meet its budget and productivity quotas. Advantages They can come up to new ideas to im try their productivit y. They can prove to themselves that even without Butterfield they can still help the company to meet their quotas and budget. They could gain unity. Disadvantages It is not easily for them to meet their quotas and budget for a few moments because it takes time to plan for new ideas. Planning needs a lot of time in order for it to be implemented to the company. 2.Even without Butterfield, the company would still adopt the organization behavior of him being power-oriented because it helped a lot the company in meeting its budget and productivity quotas. Advantages It is easy for them to cope up with this engaging of organization behavior because Butterfield had already ruled them when he was still in the company. In this way, the company leave easily meet their budget and quotas just equivalent few months when Butterfield was still the plant manager of the Houston Plant. Adopting the said organization behavior would help the employees be more competent. Disadvantages This may be t he reason of some employees to resign because they do not like the way of ruling them. This can also be the reason of some supervisor-employee issues. Newly employed employees will have a hard time adjusting with this kind of supervision. 3. all(prenominal) of the employees must be assigned of their own areas of responsibility to work with in order to help their company meet their budget and production quotas. Advantages Each of them can focus to the area in were they are assigned only. They could help themselves improve the way they handle responsibilities. They could gain self-confidence in handling responsibilities.Disadvantages They will not have company unity. This may be the reason of some employee conflicts because the work of the other did not complement to the work of others. This may be result of the delay of work because some may not meet the target time of passing the reports. VII. RECOMMENDATION Based on the situation given the best alternative the company must use is the alternative no. 2, adopting the organization behavior of Butterfield that is being power-oriented because it is a big helps to the company. Because of this, it is easy for the company to meet their budget and productivity quotas.

Communication and Assessment in Nursing Essay

The structure of this essay is designed to show the importance of relationship centered communication. However it leave begin with a brief definition of the essential concepts intrinsic to the topic of healthful communication, distinct curative nurse- unhurried relationship. in that respectafter, it will focus on communicatory and nonverbal communication, earshot, apprehensiveness, empathy and important aspects of confidentiality and privacy.IntroJust as chemistry sciences were adoptive as the 20th century medical model, affected roles perspective into a relationship-centered communication has been suggested as appropriate for the 21st century. It is the medical dialogue that provides the profound vehicle through with(predicate) which the battle of perspectives is waged and the therapeutic relationship is defined (Roter D. 2000). In many regards, the primary challenge to the field is the pausement of therapeutic communication that will provide a valid representation of the therapeutic relationship (Craven & Hirnle 2000). The purpose of this essay is to explore the implications of therapeutic communications in the temperament of the patient-nurse relationship and its face in routine of medical practice.Therapeutic communication is defined as the face-to-face process of interacting that focuses on advancing the physical and emotional well-being of a patient (http//tpub.com/content/medical ).Communication is an essential process when providing culturally competent nursing c be and it must be therapeutic in nature to be effective.It involves the use of techniques such as using silence, offering self, restating, reflecting, and seeking clarification to name a few. Therapeutic communication involves displaying a genuine saki in the person communicating that is demonstrated trough the use of a relaxed and comfortable body posture. Therapeutic communication requires the components of empathy, positive regard, and a positive intelligence of self (Craven & Hirnle 2000).But no single definition could possibly capture the rich and complex natureof the relationships between patients and nurses. Each relationship is distinct, because both patient and nurse ar distinctive and the way they interact and relate is unique (Parbury 2006).The therapeutic nurse/client relationship stands at the core of health nursing. by means of the establishment of this relationship, nurses atomic number 18 ideally suited as therapists to lead clients toward litigateing their health goals (Parbury 2006). Therapeutic relationships between patients and nurses atomic number 18 formed in the majority of situations. In this eccentric person of relationships nurses perspective is primarily that the patient is a patient, but there is also recognition and understanding of the patient as the person (Parbury 2006).There are few similarities between the therapeutic relationship and friendship. Its important to both to have worth, friendliness, trust, safekeeping, h onesty and respect. Some differences in values and attitudes can forget both as well as poor communication strategies. A feeling of satisfaction is important to both and also transference (involves clients feelings and acting toward the therapist as they did to other individuals in the past, mother/father for example) can occur in both ( Craven & Hirnle 2000).Lets look into differences between the therapeutic relationship and friendship.Contract. A contract implicit on exploit is usually negotiated between client and workers and may include payment together they agree on. Limits are set whereas in friendship there is usually no monetary reward or contracts exchanged (Craven & Hirnle 2000).Aims. In swear outing relationship there are specific goals. Friendship on the other hand, does not usually have agreed upon goals, its usually spontaneous.Focus. Helpees needs are the focus of perplexity in the helping relationship- the helper temporally sets aside personal needs. In contrast, friendship usually means that mutual needs are met in share way (Beck & Polite 2004).Time. Therapeutic relationship require time that is planned, limited and sometimes scheduled. In addition time is finite and perhaps negotiated by a contract. Time in friendships is mostly spontaneous and tends to have fewer limits (Parbury 2006).Objectivity. Therapeutic relationships require that the helper strives to be objective, and to act in clients surmount interests. Objectivity is mostly impossible in friendships due to the fact that self interest is largely paramount (Gladys, Husted and Husted 2001)Acceptance. The helper tries to accept the client in therapeutic relationship thereby is able to understand the behavior of imposing value and judgments. On the other hand friendships usually terminate when differences in values or interests become too great.After actively listening to a patient it is natural for a nurse to respond verbally. The nurses initial verbal responses set the direction for further interaction. Because there is a variety of possible ways to respond, nurses must ensure that their verbal responses move the relationship in a desired and intended direction (Parbury 2006). Choice of the response is based on insight into how it may affect the patient, the interaction and the relationship. A nurse who has this insight and consciousness is in the best position to respond in the manner that both matches the current situation and realizes the responses desired intent (Parbury 2006).Nonverbal responses are very important and the mogul to confess and interpret this kind of responses depends upon consistent development of observation skills. As we continue to mature in our role and responsibilities in the healthcare team, both clinical knowledge and understanding of human behavior will also grow (Beck & Polit 2000). Our growth in both knowledge and understanding will contribute to our mightiness to recognize and interpret many kinds of nonverbal communicat ion. Our esthesia in listening with our eyes will become as thin as-if not better than-listening with our ears (Roter 2000).Most frequently, the relationship and communication between patient and nursebegins with an hearing, during which the nurse collects pertinent info about the patient (Parbury 2006).The effectiveness of an interview is influenced by both the amount of education and the degree of motivation possessed by the patient (Parbury 2006). Factors that enhance the quality of an interview consist of the musicians knowledge of the subject under consideration his patience, temperament, and listening skills and our attention to both verbal and nonverbal cues. Courtesy, understanding, and nonjudgmental attitudes must be mutual goals of both the interviewee and the interviewer (Roter 2000). mind a patients experience, that is, viewing the world from patients perspective is one of the most essential aspects of interacting and building relationships in nursing (Parbury 2006 ). In patient-nurse relationship it is the nurses responsibility to make mutual understanding easier, which would be the basis of substantive interaction. Mutual understanding requires time, effort, commitment and skill. It can be challenging for one person to understand and appreciate another persons reality. Listening and effective attending would give ability to the nurse to develop an understanding of the patients experience (Parbury 2006). Effective listening demonstrates open acceptance of the patient, and encourages the patient to interact.Listening to the patient and watching how he listens. Observing how he gives and receives both verbal and nonverbal responses.When nurses listen, just listen, they pay careful attention to what they hear and observe, they focus on what is expressed by the patient and they try to act upon what the patient is meaning. Effective listening requires receptivity, sustained concentration and astute observation. The skill of listening is fundamen tal and crucial to patient-nurse relationship (Ooijen 2000). Listening permeates the entire relationship if meaningful interpersonal connections are to occur, listening must be engaged in throughout every interaction in therapeutic relationship (Parbury 2006).The skills of clarification are used whenever nurses are uncertain or unsure about what patients are saying. Clarification is often achieved trough the use of probing skills. At times a restatement of what a patient has said is an effective means of clarifying (Parbury 2006). Other times, nurses clarify what a patient has said by sharing how they might feel, hazard and perceive the situation if they were the patient. Reflecting feelings is useful too, because it conveys the nurses recognition of feelings and confirms the existence of emotions. When used to collect information, therapeutic communication requires a great deal of sensitivity as well as expertise in using interviewing skills (Roter 2000). To ensure the identificat ion and clarification of the patients thoughts and feelings, we, as the interviewers, must observe his behavior.By using the skills of understanding nurses can arrive at knowing what patient is experiencing and thus are in a better position to be empathetic. Empathy is the ability to perceive the world from another persons view, and take on the perspective of another, while not losing ones own perspective (Parbury 2006). The ability to enter to another persons experience to perceive it accurately and to understand how the situation is viewed from the clients perspective is very important in therapeutic communication.By using therapeutic communication, we attempt to learn as much as we can about the patient in relation to his illness. To accomplish this learning, both the sender and the receiver must be consciously aware of the confidentiality of the information disclosed and received during the communication process (Roter 2000). Confidentiality is not merely retention patient info rmation inside the confines of a particular setting, but also considering what should be shared, trough reporting and recording, with other nurses and other health care professionals (Parbury 2006).There has to be a therapeutic reason for invading a patients privacy. Information that has no direct bearing on the nursing or other healthcare of the patient should be considered confidential and treated as such (Parbury 2006).Finally, interpret and record the data we have observed. As I mentioned earlier, listening is one of the most difficult skills to master. Itrequires maintaining an open mind, eliminating both internal and external noise and distractions, and channeling attention to all verbal and nonverbal messages (Roter 2000). Listening involves the ability to recognize pitch and tone of voice, evaluate vocabulary and choice of words, and recognize hesitancy or intensity of speech as part of the total communication attempt. The patient crying aloud for help after a fall is commun icating a need for supporter. This cry for help sounds very different from the call for assistance we might make when requesting help in transcribing a physicians order (Roter 2000). Also advances in both video recording technology and participant observations have led us to consider ways in which these empirical methods may be blended to answer research questions. Such innovations in data collection have the potential to extend our understanding of social interactions in important ways (Paterson, Bottorf & Hewat 2003).ConclusionFinally, essential nature between patients and nurses is that of mutual understanding. It is clear that to survive effectively in the therapeutic communication, we need to be informed and skilled practitioners, but not only that, active listening, empathy, understanding is necessary when we there to help our patients. They become calmer and more appreciated after having someone listen to them and express their feelings. Nurse needs to have the ability to express verbally and nonverbally, clarifying and reflecting with the patient, expenditure time and accepting and understanding behavior of imposing value and judgments. Also let the patient know that we care and that they are able to trust because of information that they share with us stays confidential and their privacy will not be damaged. Clearly therapeutic communication is central to health nursing and through this process nurse-client relationships can be enhanced.ReferencesAndersen, C., & Adamsen, L. (2001). Continuous video recording a new clinical research tool for studying the nursing care of malignant neoplastic disease patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 35, 257-267.Beck C.T., Polit D.F. (2000) Nursing Research Principles and Methods Patient Education Counseling. Journal article 39(1)5-15. Lippincott W&W.Carol, D. Tamparo, Wilburta, Q. Lindh (2000) Therapeutic relationships for health Professionals.Craven, R.F. & Hirnle, C. J. (2000) Fundamentals of Nursing Human H ealth and Function, (4th edition).Husted, G. L., & Husted, J. H. (2001).Ethical decision making in nursing (3rd ed.). New York Springer.Ooijen, E.V. (2000) Clinical Supervision a Practical Guide. Policies and Procedures. Health Visitors. Harcourt Pub. Lim.Parbury, S. J. 2006 Patient and Person. Interpersonal skills in Nursing. (3rd ed.)Sydney Harcourt.Paterson, B., Bottorff, J., & Hewatt, R. (2003). Blending observational methods Possibilities, strategies, and challenges. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2 (1). Article 3. Retrieved 12.04.07 from http//www.ualberta.ca/iiqm/backissues/2_1/ html/patersonetal.htmlRoter D. (2000) The Role of Information Technology and Informatics Research in the Nurse-Patient Relationship. Retrieved 7.04.07 from http//adr.iadrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/17/1/77Volbert R.M (2002) Nursing Ethics, Communities in Dialogue. New Jersey. Prentice Hall.Wicks D. (1999) Nurses and doctors at work. Rethinking professional boundaries. Deidre Wicks.Lin deman, C., & McAthie, M. (1999). Fundamentals of Contemporary Nursing Practice. Philadelphia Saunders.Zilm, G., & Entwistle, C. (2002).The smart way. Canada Harcourt.

Tzinga: Applications of Marketing Management Concepts

Motivation behind selecting Tagging comes on the purview that It Is the only Energy jollify of Indian origin tit an Intensive growth profile for a relatively raw Industry. The prime objective was to understand and recommend trade strategies for Tagging. commission was laid on accessing food stuff and nonsense opport unit of measurementies, customer cling to addition, analysis of consumer foodstuff, evaluation of competitive kinetics and mark. The initial secondary research revealed the current segmentation, targeting, positioning, communication and disgraceing strategies of Tagging.It also uncovered the muscularity market trends and competition patterns. menial cost being Taigas unique selling point drove It to a relative restraint In the market In a short period of time. Further, ancient research constituted blind test, market survey, interviews with retailers, distributors and co-founder of hector b foreverages. The procedure exposed the reaping strength of Tagging, reaffirmed the positioning appropriateness and unveiled the necessity of improvements in ground of price- positioning trade off, communication, distribution and brand takeing.Indian-news of the yield and Its low price contribute be exploited for advancement apart from Increasing The global beverage market is growing at a Compounded Annual Growth footstep (CARR) of 4. 6% and is expected to hit $1. 3 trillion by the year 2017 . And the most dynamic sector which is departing this growth is the global Energy imbibe Market. Ever since the launch of Red Bull in 1987, this market has flourished at an astonishing rate, generating r up to nowues to the tunes of billions of dollars. But in a country wish well India with a abundant base of prospective customers, this market has not been tapped to its fullest.International players like Red Bull and Storage still dominate the equation, though a lot of new players ar trying to enter this z ane. In such a competitive environment, one b ooze which stands extinct and seems to have a promising future is Tagging. It is a proceeds by swagger Beverages Put Ltd. , an Indian graduation up dreamt by two young management graduates Ne ber Kara and James Natal . Based in Surgeon, the companion came into existence in 2011 and since then has sky-rocketed into the energy drink segment.The company now sells somewhat a million units each month across 45 cities in India . It has a deep market penetration in Delhi, Bangor, Ago and the north eastern states and is trying to gain ground in other regions as well. The main reason for this stupendous growth can be attributed to its price, which is almost 70% slight than its main competitors. It also comes with a unique packaging which is one of its USPs as per the creators. We plan to do a comprehensive study determining all the factors behind this growth story keeping our main focus on marketing.The main motive behind choosing this project is to study the inspiring growth trajec tory of Tagging. It provides an excellent opportunity to understand the nuances of consumer choices and sales pattern in India. By experimenting in the relatively unexplored arena of Energy drink sector in the country, we hope to build a strong foundation of core marketing concepts which will swear out us throughout our professional lives. To evaluate the current segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies of Tagging and to recommend strategies for its branding and promotion.To identify and match the positioning statement of Tagging and to evaluate the necessity of change To define the target market, focal value elements and price- value relationship with respect to Customer Value Proposition To understand competitive dynamics of brand image and thusly to come up with Branding and Communication strategy for Tagging To understand the result preferences, consumers taste preferences and Taigas brand perception through primary search, blind test and interviews and hence to estimate the growth prospects 1.Constraints in Primary Research Energy drink market is a subset of the larger beverage pains and therefore has a consumer base with limited age group, lifestyle patterns and popularity, of which Tagging is a relatively new product and is less popular. This was a challenge in terms of conducting primary surveys as it involved identifying appropriate target groups. 2. Limited area coverage The campus comprises an eclectic mix of students from various parts of the country and thus provides a comprehensive group to conduct this study.Therefore, the cranial orbit of this project has been limited to MUM Bangor and the neighborhood of Bantamweight region. 3. Frame of Reference This study has been conducted from an external frame of reference in the sense that, with no actual experience and Judgment of the energy drinks product market. This might have resulted in assumptions and indications slightly different from the actual energy drink market environment . 4. Market Dynamics It is a fact that the market dynamics are dispersed and varied.Regional influence of substitutes and competitors on consumer preferences is diverse. This dissembles the study subjective and strictly aid to specificities of research environment leading to biases in perception. 5. Consumer Behavioral Dynamics Change in consumer preferences, tastes and behavior, relative to market dynamics and self-actuation is a major instigator of limitations of this bill The key parameters responsible for the success of any project are planning and execution.Adhering to this idea, a detailed methodology was followed during the entire course of this report, and the same is described under We started by defining the precise marketing decision problem to ensure that we dont deviate from our main objective. The next part included extensive research about Tagging, its farm company Hector Beverages and the energy drink market in general. A variety of resources like newspapers, m agazines and Journals were referred, with internet emerging as the main contributor of information.The company website provided major insights about Tagging, whereas research papers from online forums namely OBESE and Sarcasm formed the foundation of our literature review. Having performed significant secondary research through the aforementioned sources, we set out to corroborate these findings. This analysis was done based on various marketing models and frameworks. SOOT analysis evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of Tagging meanwhile also listing down the numerous opportunities and threats for Hector Beverages.Market forces were evaluated based on Porters five forces and growth strategies were proposed using Nations Market-product Grid. This study helped us understand Tagging as a product, its production techniques, prevalent supply chain, operating challenges, organic law structure and overall financial wellness. It also gave us headway on Taigas competitors, their strategi es and arrest luck.The primary research is the most detailed aspect of this report and was conducted in the following ways a) Blind show 10 students of MIM-B were asked online survey was conducted and carefully monitored to restrict the respondents to IM-B and nearby region as clearly specified in the scope and limitations. C) Retailer Survey Shop owners of Mom n pop stores like Ethical and supermarkets like Inklings were interviewed to understand Taigas distribution channels and existing markets in depth. D) Personal Interview with the co-founder Mr..Squash Miser, the Co-founder and managing director of Hector Beverages obliged us by providing the managements insights on Taigas current and future strategies. A large amount of first-hand data obtained through these tests and interviews was analyzed in detail. Explanations were provided with the help of graphs and other statistical tools for better understanding. After brainstorming on the problems faced by Tagging, the team recom mended certain solutions aimed at improving Taigas branding and communication strategy.We drawn-out these proposals by designing print and video advertisement campaigns for Tagging, thus concluding our report. LITERATURE REVIEW When Nearer Kara and Squash Miser, both ex-employees of Coca-Cola , came up with the idea to start a company, they were in search of a magic formula that would provide an affordable energy drink for the Indian market. Their main focus was to create a perfect blend of taste, price and packaging and these efforts finally yielded results in the form of a fruit flavored drink with natural ingredients.According to Kara, energy drinks in India are intercommunicate as premium products and consumed mostly by athletes, gym enthusiasts, students and socialites-rarely the average destine. They are costly, primarily due to high import duties. For example, Red Bull, which occupies a major share of the energy drink market in India, costs almost RSI. 95 for a mill can. H owever, Tagging, on the other hand is priced a lot cheaper at RSI. 25 for the same quantity.Banking on its Customer Value traceing, the company has grown tremendously in the past two years and is already a market leader in Ago and the north eastern states. The company has its manufacturing unit at Amnesia, near Surgeon and another larger production unit is approach shot up in Moser by October, 2013. According to the American College Health Associations National College Health Assessment , stress, sleep, disturbances, anxiety and depression are among the top five threats to pedantic performance among college students.Researchers have indicated that within the current regulatory void, energy drinks, if aggressively marketed will appeal particularly to the niche of young males seeking performance sweetener and other stimulation related effects. The popular energy drinks, namely Red Bull, Monster etc. Include active ingredients like carbohydrates, terrine, acculturation and caffeine. They have several(prenominal) benefits like increased attention, emotional states, endurance and physical performance.The target consumers of Tagging are profiled as follows a) Geographic segmentation The major demand for energy drinks comes from Tier-I cities where people lead a stressful life owing to their working environment. The population has been segmented as per their background, either rural or urban. B) Demographic segmentation (Age, Gender, Income) a-Tithe target market of 16-30 years can be further classified into the following groups (I) Age 16-24 The school/college population which requires energy drinks mainly because they are involved in sports.Age 24-30 The young working refashions who use energy drink requirement is to combat their stressful work life. (iii) Gender based While the current market share is reign primarily by the male population, recent trends of energy drink consumption show female segment is also on the rise. (v) Income Aspirants & Seekers Whil e premium energy drinks like Red bull target the higher end customers, Tagging reaches out to a larger group that comprises of the Aspirants and Seekers c) Chirographys segmentation It is suited to the lifestyle of students and young working professionals working late night for long hours. ) Behavioral segmentation Tagging is soon manufactured in mill pack for both light and heavy users even though heavy users account for a high percentage of total consumption. Also the segments are clearly demarcated on the basis of awareness and response to the product. schema is value for money. It is also positioned as a healthy energy drink made of natural extracts without any artificial chemicals and zero side effects. The product tries to build up a youthful and cool image in the minds of consumers. Its promotion campaigns such as conquer the night and you are a sum of your obsessions validate the above claims.Another noteworthy point is the environmental-friendly stance maintained by Tagg ing through its unique low-material packaging and increased emphasis of No littering as clearly mentioned on their website. Building on the above discussion, Taigas Points of Differentiation and Points of Parity have been identified below Points of Differentiation The two main attributes of Tagging which consumers like and find unique are Low price 0 Packaging Points of Parity Few attributes which have become increasingly common in the energy drink market and ensure a minimum equivalence with competitors are 0Category points-of-parity Instant Energy 0 Competitive points-of-parity Natural flavors (Organic drink market) CUSTOMER VALUE PROPOSITIONING The following is the value proposition currently adopted by Tagging Value Proposition Tagging relevant composition/ attribute Benefits for consumers Favorable points of divergency Resonating Focus Real Stuff is good stuff Real lemon, Real Guarani, Real ginseng Lesser caffeine and fruit extracts is a health add on Caffeine content- MGM/ m ill as against MGM/ mill Mixed fruit Juice content- 1. % as against 0% of the market leader Could improve the percentage of fruit extract and hence could emphasize this value proposition This Energy Drink Works Contains Guarani instead of raw caffeine, Ginseng, Vitamin B Guarani does the same Job with no negative effects, Ginseng has anti-carcinogenic and anti-oxidant properties, Vitamin B that helps break carbohydrates Claiming Energy boosting through natural ingredients and promotion through actual communication of product values The effect of all ingredients is not brought out in promotion and packaging.Green is not nevertheless the color Packaging appeal Tagging stands out from the clutter on the store shelf. It is a good choice for the environment. Customers unstated need is fulfilled It allows Tagging to claim customers value for money.Tagging could evaluate methods to reuse packaging and also offer smaller quantities, may be 1 ml or mill packets BRAND IDENTITY The brand iden tity is reflected by the positioning strategy adopted by Tagging as depicted below Ingredients Real mixed fruit Juice concentrate (from pear, pineapple, mandarin, apple, fury fruit and lemon) , Terrine, Vitamins, Omission, Ginseng, Guarani, Caffeine Tagging has natural components as compared to its competitors which make it healthy Variants Available in three flavors- Lemon Mint, tropic Trip Mango, Strawberry Provides consumers with variety to choose from welcome options Popularity Backbone likes -529525 Twitter followers- 836 Within a Caffeine Level 258. Pump- Tagging has comparatively less caffeine content and focuses on natural elements like Guarani. This reduces the ill-effects on health Packaging Daypack- A packaging innovation compared to usual metal cans. Attractive packaging Price RSI. 25 for mill. The price is about 4 times less than its chief competitor e.This mantra chosen by Tagging satisfies the three criteria for an effective brand mantra 1. Communicate The words Wak e up clearly communicate Taigas promise of rouse people at any time of the night. They also have a very positive annotation. 2. Simplify The world today is cluttered place with a person being exposed to more(prenominal) than 100 promotions on an average each day. And in such a situation, this message stands out from the crowd. It is short, crisp and hence memorable. 3.Inspire In spite of being simplistic and brief, the mantra holds a lot of meaning and relevance to the target audience. It symbolizes the spirit of Rise and shine, thus establishing a much deeper, an emotional connection with the customer. Strengths Pricing At RSI. 5 for 250 ml, it is the most inexpensive drink lendable Packaging Its unique packaging is environment friendly and is easier to transport around. Flavors It comes in three exciting flavors Lemon Mint, Tropical Trip and Mango Strawberry, of which Tropical Trip is the most favored among youth Natural Ingredients It uses natural ingredients like lemon, ginseng, Guarani etc. Weaknesses No Aggressive Marketing Lacks aggressive marketing techniques like celebrity endorsements, sponsorships, television campaigns, college promotions etc. Availability of the product Not easily available in all the cities Awareness Due to or marketing, many people in India are unaware of this brand Manufacturing Units Currently only one manufacturing unit in Amnesia near Surgeon and an upcoming plant in Moser Opportunities Availability of the product Being an energy drink, opportunities can be explored in universities and colleges around the country Demographic Opportunity India, with extensive opportunity for growth. Tie-ups Tie-ups with major sporting events can help boost the sale of the product. Target Markets Only the youth is targeted currently. Since the product is natural, the targets can be expanded to include adults also Tier II Cities Aggressive marketing in Tier II cities and rural areas Threats Misconception Energy drinks are closely associated with alcoholic beverages. In a country with strong values and traditions it might seem a deterrent. Competition The main competitor, Redouble is the biggest player globally and enjoys a huge financial clout.Micro segmentation Once the brand is firmly established, the product can be customized to cater to micro-segments like children, housewives and the working class. New harvest-home Range Apart from energy drinks, the company can also come up with related products like Energy candies and Energy bars to attract more customers. 4. Diversification At the current stage, Tagging does not have many options to diversify. But certainly with growth, the parent company Hector Beverages can consider Concentric and horizontal diversification.As mentioned in the methodology earlier, the primary research has been divided into our parts Blind test, Consumer survey, Retailer survey and an exclusive interview with the companys Co-founder/Director. The reason for adopting this four-ste p approach is to understand the product and its strategies from the perspective of all its stakeholders. It will provide us an all inclusive view to help us decide the branding/communication strategies and recommended measures. I) Blind Test Strong Product As Redouble is seen as the main market leader, the blind test was conducted to compare it with Tagging and evaluate both the drinks on accounts of taste and mildness. x individuals hailing from different geographical and demographical segments were chosen to have a heterogeneous mix. They were then given samples of both the drinks, and asked to rate the two on various parameters. Following is the drumhead of the results -1 The test clearly indicates that Tagging is a strong product with superior rating in both taste and mildness.Two other key findings from the test are summarized below a) While 7 out of 10 respondents rated Tagging better than Redouble, 6 out 10 did not even know about Tagging. And among the remaining 4, none ha d ever seen any Tagging advertisement. If we compare this to Redouble, all 10 were well aware of the brand and its strategies. B) The average price that one was ready to pay for Tagging came out to Tagging is only RSI. 25, this difference of RSI. 20 in the prices is nothing but the Consumer Surplus. On the other hand, Redouble charges way more than the average price one is ready to pay for it.Thus, we reiterate the fact that Tagging is a stronger product compared to its competitors. Even without enough brand awareness, it made its mark on the audience and therefore, effective promotional strategies can take it to an in all different level. It) Interview with the Co-founder/Director, Hector Beverages The project demanded us to take a holistic view of the problem and hence, it was imperative to know the managements viewpoint and future plans about Tagging. We tried contacting the company HER in multiple ways and finally succeeded when Mr..Squash Miser, the Co-founder and Director of Hector Beverages Put. Ltd agreed to be interviewed. He is an alumnus of IM-C and currently heads the marketing incision of Tagging, Bangor in addition to his other roles. This made the talk more relevant to our study. His viewpoints in the form of key excerpts are scribed below 1 . Advertisement and packaging Tagging focuses on Backbone and Twitter for mass promotion of the product. Being an energy drink, the targeted audience is the youth. Hence there are points of sale in multiple colleges, IT companies and Boos.Increased accessibility in these areas and colorful posters ensure that students and professionals are attracted to this product. Tagging is also looking into precision marketing through the digital medium. 2. To tackle lack of awareness Increased promotion activities through Backbone and Twitter ensure that the youth of today are aware of this product and its benefits. The Backbone page has over 5 lake followers and the promoters make it highly interactive by answerin g their queries. Points of sale in colleges and various companies also help in spreading awareness. 3.Major Markets Currently, the major markets futzing include Delhi, Bangor, North due east and Ago. 4. Distribution Network A direct distribution pattern is followed in Bangor. The retail stores are serviced directly. Biggest volume contributors include college canteens, offices and retail outlets like Afterworld and Reliance. 5. Future Plans The fast plan futzing is to be a 100 cry brand by next financial year. Iii) Retailer Survey Mom n Pop farm animal The approximate sale of Tagging is around 24 packets per week and is like by sportsperson whereas students still prefer Redouble.The vendor visits weekly to monitor sales and replenish stocks. Tropical Trip is the most popular flavor among customers. As far as profit margins are concerned, Tagging scores above Redouble and is a natural choice for retailers. However, the immense popularity of Redouble forces them to provide it more visibility. Supermarket The scenario is quite different with Storage (Pepsico) enjoying the highest share in the energy drink segment, although no specific consumption pattern was storied by the shopkeeper.The distribution network is quite formalized with an elaborate list of -?150-200 vendors competing to supply. The re-purchase cycle occurs every 3-4 days and approve. 120 Tagging packets are sold in this duration. once again talking about profit margins, Storage gives a constant 16% whereas in Taigas case it varies from 14-17%. Redouble offers a minimal and is thus the least preferred brand by the shop. (iv) Market Research Questionnaire Based on the results of the blind test, we have directed our questionnaire and

Urban deprivation is one of the characteristics of large cities in all parts of the world

The upcountry urban center field of operationss of many Global cities study an image of fall apart with poverty, pollution, crime, overcrowding, poor housing conditions and unemployment. Such problems are more prevalent in inner-city areas than in other areas of the city. Deprivation has been caused by old industries closing down and change magnitude the unemployment levels which are not acquired due to the old workers not exis decennaryce skilled enough to work in these modernistic factories or line of jobs. This happens more in MEDCs compared to LEDCs where over people and urbanization have cause the problems in the inner city.Counterurbanization has been another problem within MEDCs as it has left houses derelict and the concourse would rather commute than delay in the inner city. This has then led to out of town shopping centers being set up. In MEDCs the inner city initiatives for reversing the bloodline of the inner city started back in 1945 with house-to-house rede velopment. This program involved large-scale clearance of old terraces in put to provide space for new housing and inner city environmental features. Over twenty years 1. 5 million properties wee knocked down in the inner city.Elswick and Kenton in Newcastle were two areas embarked for comprehensive redevelopment. subsisting residents were moved either into new towns of Cramlington or to extensive council houses estates build in areas such as, Byker. Many local authorities followed identical planning and soon the landscape painting of the inner city was transformed with huge concrete and glass tower blocks separated by flat expanses of grass. At the time these high-rise flats were a dandy success architecturally however the policy failed due to redevelopment underachieving demolition. This gave a housing shortage and vast spaces of derelict land.This policy that lasted till 1967 also failed to tackle the social and economic problems. 1968 saw another plot come into action the u rban Aid programme gave grants to local authorities to expand services in deprived areas and to establish community development projects using self help. This scheme was a great deal more localized and it was unfortunate that the economic downswing limited the bills and therefore by 1977 the scheme had finished. The next year the new towns policy was abandoned in an effort to stop decentralization of people and businesses.For the first time inner cities were officially declared problem areas. In 1988 Margaret Thatcher introduced the Action for cities policy. From 1991 on contendds-Local authorities were able to bid for funds for specific urban projects. An use is Sunderland the money was used to redesign parts of the city center with a new shopping precinct. And bus station. A single government department, the end of the 1990s had created the Urban Regeneration Agency. In Greater Manchester 4. 5 hectares of the city were destroyed with 30,000 homes left damaged form the bombing o f World War II.By the end of the war 70,000 homes were deemed unfit for living mostly in the high density Victorian inner center. The plan for Manchester was launched in 1945 with the aim of clearing all Victorian housing. interest the repair of the war the Manchester Slum Clearance Programme restarted in 1954. Over five years 7500 properties were demolished mostly in the Miles Platting area. In 1961 the policy of comprehensive development took place with the clearance programme expanding in four main areas Hulme, Beswick, Longsight and Harpurhey.Over 55,00 new houses, a mixture of low and high rise were built to replaced the cleared terraces reducing the housing density and population by up to 50% in some areas. The Hulme area was a typical Victorian area of Manchester and was tightly packed with terraces. Conditions were overcrowded and polluted with few housing having toilets. After the demolition of the terraces, shopping facilities were introduced in three areas. By 1972 the r edevelopment of Hulme was completed with 5,000 new houses being built.Problems did arise with new properties leaking and then the heating bills were too high for the residents and many found the accommodation inappropriate. This area fell into a spiral of decline with growing unemployment, drugs and violence along with eh deteriorating environment. The Hulme city challenge was launched in 1992. This plan involved building of 3000 new homes, shops, roads, offices and community facilities to replace existing properties in a 60-hectare area. The funds of i200 million came from the government, local authority and private finance.Manchester faced other problems form the closure of the nineteenth century industries that left 24,000 jobs unavailable between 1974 and 1984. Plans included 2000 new houses and 375,000 square meters of industrial and commercial floor space to provide 10,000 jobs. In 1988 central Manchester was given n UDC to regenerate 200 hectares of land and buildings in the grey part of the city center. This area included six conservation areas, over ninety listed buildings, three universities, the Granada Studios Tour and the Museum of Science and Industry. However these were the areas of contaminated land, derelict warehouses, mill about and canals.The IDC ended in 1996 and in the eight years of operation invested i420 million. Urban deprivation in the LEDCs have been tackled in many ways however there have been schemes that have proven to be a lot more successful than the others. In Chennai there has been a rapid increase in population due to the rural to urban migration and the high birth rates. About one third of the population lives in the slums, mostly shantytowns. The planning solutions began with the building of four to six storey blocks however these largely failed due to high maintenance and lack of uptake as the tenants would be unable to afford the rent.If the rent were reduced the scheme would lose money. After this initial failure The Board took up a new idea of upgrading the slums. The aims set were providing one bath and one toilet per ten families one public fountain per twenty families one street light per forty meters of road and one pre school per two hundred families. Other initiatives inevitable self-help financing after an initial investment had been made either by the World Bank or welfare organizations. These schemes encouraged greater community involvement. well-nigh of the start up loans were gave to families to build their own homes. Site and service schemes were implemented with finance provided for the acquisition of land purchase of building materials, road building and the preparation of basic services such as, water and sewage. New owners were then responsible for building the property on their allocated land. The upgrading after that often led to the sale of homes to higher(prenominal) income groups. The generated some money for the poor families and allowed the Board to re-invest in new sch emes.An area in the southern outskirts of Chennai was the location for a site and services scheme cognise as Velacheri. It provided fourteen hectares of land to house 2,640 families many of whom were being forced out of Chennai. Waiting for the new residents building their homes would have caused a delayed the cartroad building so contractors were used to begin the building of properties. Along with the roads, water supply, streetlights and many other services. These services did face problems with many being left simple(a) and extra floors being added without regulation.Some families sold their home for profit and the poorest were unable to afford these houses. These are some example of the initiatives being taken in order to solve the problem of urban deprivation. However there have been many other schemes and one of the most successful was that of the Favelas in Brazil redevelopment that won several prizes such as, the famous Habitat Award from the United Nations. These have b een more successful as it didnt break up the families and kept the community aspect and the families could continue to access their place of employment.The similarities between the initiatives of the MEDC and LEDC worlds that have been undertaken for there reduction of urban deprivation are not all that similar. This is due to the fact that the MEDCs have more finance so there are able to use other schemes to tackle their problems. Also the fact that the problems they face are of a unlike cause. In the LEDCs it tends to be shanty towns are therefore have to look to house these people unlike the MEDC it not so overcrowding but unemployment due to the decline of the Industrial Revolution and recently Counterurbanization has left old Victorian buildings derelict and an eye-saw.

Antibiotics

After suffering a lot of devastating epidemic attacks and mass deaths, humanity invented antibiotics and started applying them against known bacterial diseases. utilize antibiotics for the last 6 decades, we are now facing the results of the process caused by genetic changes and mutations in bacteria. This can be explained by one of the basic principles of organic evolution natural selection, which suggests that the fittest and the strongest survive, and the weakest disappear.Bacteria are one-celled organisms, which are very vulnerable to mutations. It is known that the most of the mutations affect the organisms. But certainly, there are some chances of cocksure outcomes of mutations as well. Mitosis of bacteria is a very fast process, which brings to rapid growth of the population. Having such huge number of bacteria, the chances of positive mutation are higher, therefore, more(prenominal) and more bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics treatment.Nowadays, different types of pathogen bacteria can already survive the existing antibiotics, and using an excessive amount of antibiotics we dramatically tied(p) the process of natural selection in bacteria evolution. This situation threatens the effectiveness of traditional treatment methods to bacterial diseases. That is why world scientists are facing the need of searching for new antibiotics, either modifying the known ones or looking for something absolutely different.According to the research of the Harvard School of Public Health, in 2005 ..more than 40% of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in the United States could resist both penicillin and erythromycin (Powledge, 2004). The other researches, based on mathematical modeling, show that in the nearest future more and more species of bacteria will be able to resist old antibiotics. Therefore, if no new antibiotics are available, well become totally unprotected against hard diseases, like tuberculosis, etc.BibliographyPowledge, T. M. (2004, February 17 ). virgin AntibioticsResistance Is Futile. PLoS Biol 2(2) e53

High School Graduation Day Essay

Many people confine experienced the over whelming upthrow that you feel as you approach high gear school graduation day metre, and for me, thats a day that I will never forget. The amount of emotions that you feel on graduation day is unbelievable, and I have still to experience anything else similar it. I can remember feeling anxious to celebrate the big day with my friends and family, while at the same time I was panicking thinking about having to walk across the tip in front of that numerous people.Then, the more I thought about the reality of graduation day, I started to get curious, but nervous, about being able to start a new chapter in my aliveness once graduation day had passed. There are several reasons why I, still to this day, con alignr high school graduation day one of the most exciting days of my life. As exciting as it was to last(a)ly graduate high school, I still had some mixed emotions about it. When they called my name, I walked to the side of the stage, where I had to wait in a short line before actually crossing the stage.I couldnt wait to get that diploma in my hand, but I really thought I was going to have a panic attack on the side of the stage before that happened. I finally made it up onto the stage I shook the principles hand one last time as he handed me my diploma, and made it pole off the stage without anything embarrassing happening. When I sit back down I felt relief that I had gotten that part over with, and could enjoy the difference of opinion of the graduation. When the graduation ceremony came to an end, I rushed to the auditorium to celebrate with all of my friends and family.I couldnt believe how many people came to celebrate our graduation day with us. I knew my friends immediate families, but I got to meet e reallyones extended families, and hear stories about them that I will never forget. Then I took what felt like a million pictures, and hugged everyone I knew, and headed off to my graduation party to cont inue the celebration with the ones that I love the most. That night I think I smiled and laughed more than I ever have in my life. As the end of the night approached us, I couldnt stop thinking about how many mixed emotions I had about starting a whole new chapter in my life.I couldnt wait to go to college, meet all new people, get a degree so that I could start my travel path, but I knew that meant I had to say goodbye to my two best friends, who were moving several hours forward from me. This was one of the hardest things I had ever had to do in my life. We all cried a little, and then made promises to book in touch, and then we were off into the real world I was very happy to be at this point in my life, but I was scared deep down inside. When I look back on this day now, I still remember every detail as if it was yesterday.I was so proud, and happy to be able to celebrate such an amazing day with all of my friends and family. I chicane I will never forget how embarrassed I w as walking across the stage in front of all of those people, feeling famous after taking so many pictures, making our final memories together at our graduation parties, and then being a nervous wreck when it was time to go out into the world without my best friends at my side. High school graduation day was a very emotional day for me, but it was by far the most exciting day I have ever experienced in my life.

Always Logistics Case Study Essay

continuously Logistics is expression to perform a forensic method of accounting audit on their monetary statements, in particular to accounting periods ended in the expire five days. Mr. Jim Gallbally, has claimed authority to oversee the fraud concern over the telephoners profit-sharing incentive for its administrative-level employees via a whistleblower account, and this would require a study on their sales revenues breeding and their cozy declare systems. The endeavor of the assurance engagement is to supplement the fraud concern being raise by Mr.Gallbally to the senior management of the Comp all.Moreover, he intends to apply a full force of the law to those ply who surrender purposefully inflated revenue inflow for personal pecuniary gain, should the claims were to be founded. I am expecting your full interest with this engagement, and you whitethorn extend your intention to this engagement via the contact details that I go away provide. I have attached the det ails of my initial discussion with the client and our conditions of credence forward to the undertaking of such engagement.Attachments Details of the Interview shooted with Mr. Jim Gallbally, May 2010 Conditions of Acceptance for the Assurance Engagement, May 2010 Attachment 1 Details of the Interview maneuvered with Mr. Jim Gallbally, May 2010 A substantial annual mental process bonus is paid to to each one divisional manager based on individual outputs as well as total partnership performance. There is a profit parcel scheme for all non award (administrative) level employees of Always. The Chairperson of Always is Margot Hellicar. A stock broking firm, Warm, Symes and Co is actively canvassing senior employees of Always to invest in the political political party by taking out loans which may be subject to margin calls. Some board members have been known to speak favourably of such loans. A healthy demand for Always stock has seen their share price outperform the marke t index for the past four years. Always is divided into divisions based on each state or territory. Depots are located in all states and the blue Territory with capital of Australia depot part of the NSW operation.These depots have about 5-8 cater in each location being a senior manager, two financial or clerical staff with the rest being award level depot receipt and delivery staff. Head Office in Brisbane has 10 administrative staff and is where the chief executive officer and CFO are located, along with the computer system and all the company financial records. The company has had nigh tight cash flow issues over the past few years but always manages to delay though the support of their bankers or through finding new delivery contracts, particularly in the Northern Territory and North West Queensland. Conditions of Acceptance1. The cut across would consist of the assessment of the Companys internal take for systems, and the soundness of the financial statements and supp lementary disclosures issued in the last five years, and willing not be of opinion of the auditors. Should at that place be an opinion that will arise in the course of the writing and analyses, a supplementary report will be issued in compliance of the auditing standards 2. The report would consist of material factors to the echt bonuses amounts and managerial judgement with imagine to the issuance of annual bonuses to its administrative-level employees3. The auditors will remain their headmaster independence with indirect request to the conduct of the audit, as in accordance to section 3. 5 of Professional Independence code of the forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215) 4. The report will be in compliance with the internationalist Auditing Standards and Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215), and intend the accounting principles compliance in relation to the Australian Accounting Standards Board 5.The auditors will maintain their professional competence and take delinq uent care in the performance of their work in accordance with surgical incision 130 Professional Competence and due Care of the Code (3. 11) of the Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215) 6. The confidential information acquired or have deliberated during the course of the audit shall only be used in the professional performance of the audit done and therefore proper permission must be acquired in accordance to sectionalisation 140 of the Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215). ENGAGEMENT LETTERTo the Chairman of the Board Margot Hellicar (or the appropriate senior management or board of directors) of Always Logistics As requested by several of your shareholders, notably Mr. Jim Gallbally, we will conduct an audit of Always Logisticss financial records, in particular, your cash flows, sales revenue records and notes to the financial statements for the last five years then accounting year ended December 31. We would uniform to express our acceptance and have understood the terms of this engagement by the issuance of this letter.Our audit will be conducted with the intention of providing an objective perspective on the financial statements and the financial performance of your Company for the last five years from accounting period ended December 31, 2009, and the recent concerns pertaining to your profit-sharing incentive lauded by momentous numbers of your shareholders. We will accept the engagement offered and conduct the requested audit in accordance to the following accounting and auditing standards the International Auditing Standards, the Accounting Professional and Ethics Standards (APES), and the International Standards of Assurance Engagements.The following will be used as to out banknote the engagement to be undertaken, and that the audit is in conforme with auditing criteria that may or may not be contested in a levelheaded proceeding. The following is excessively to properly address the allegations of your administrative divisions misconstrui ng financial numbers that may be material to practical misstatements on your sales revenues and your overall financial berth for the last five years.The audit will include examining evidence to be acquired supporting the amounts and disclosures to the sales revenues, and also the data being used of your administrative divisions on a test basis, and assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. With regard to the possible limitations and the nature of the test that will be conducted in the duration of the engagement, there will be auditing risks that there will be misstatements that may be material enough will not be detected.This is due to the inherent limitations that has and is present of the accounting and internal discipline systems your company has adopted for your business operations. As such, we would equal to express our intention to use audit reports from previou s auditors, work of persons of interest, or your internal auditors, if there were any conducted prior to this engagement, for comparison purposes and to alleviate us in confounding such allegations lauded against the financial status of your Company.However, we would interchangeable to stress that because of the necessity that may arise to use previous audit reports or catalogues of a corresponding standing, the overall assessment will now be our responsibility, and will be subject to any repercussions, legal or other(a)wise, towards the result of the assessment. In addition to our auditing report for the purpose of this engagement, we expect to provide you with a recrudesce letter or document on any material weaknesses in the accounting and internal control systems that your company has adopted that we have come to be of concern of in the duration and the closing of our audit.However, we would like to restate that as this is not the purposeful intention of the audit, this sup plementary document may or may not be of use that may demonstrate the effectiveness of your current accounting and internal control systems, and that it would be your decision on whether to act upon our observations for the purpose of amending or ratifying your current accounting and internal control systems, with regard to the conclusion of the engagement.In compliance with the Forensic Accounting Standards, the on the job(p) papers prepared in conjunction with our audit are the sole property of the auditing firm and constitute confidential information that is hush-hush to the firm and to your Company. They will be retained by our auditing firm in accordance with our firm policies and procedures. However, we will grant release of the working papers via a request from a regulator or a person of authority in the context of the rule of law.The regulator may produce photocopies or replications of the report and may ultimately decide to distribute the copies or replications to other p arties of interest, including government agencies. The responsibility for the preparation and nice disclosure of the financial statements to be procured as requested is that of the management of Always Logistics, either by its financial or accounting department, the board of directors, or any outfit or department that represents the Company.This includes any upkeep of adequate accounting records and internal controls, the selection and justification of the accounting policies to be applied, the application of accounting policies, the safeguarding of assets of the company, and other supplementary or aggregate data that would further assist us in our audit. In line with this, we duly request a written confirmation from you, the board of directors or the senior management, regarding representations concerning the audit to be conducted in the matter of transparency and the rule of law.Should you intend to publish our comprehensive and conclusive audit report on your financial statemen ts and administrative operations with regard to the allegations of sales revenues padding activities, we require you to produce a branders proof or masters copy for review or approval prior to the final print and distribution of the said report.We are looking forward to the companys full cooperation from your staff and/or personnel who will be involved for the procedural completion of this engagement, and that we fully entrust the responsibility from your goodness company that all requested and mandatory documents, including its supplementary or aggregate papers, and systems access will be made available to us with regard to the conduct of the engagement.Our auditing fees, which will be classified as working progress or works in progress in your accounting journals and general ledger, will be based on the magazine that will be spent by our accountants assigned for the procedural completion of the engagement plus outright yet necessary expenses. We will use the Companys staff at any possible time or event to assist us in the conduct of the schedules to be followed as per process regarding the audit and the analyses of the accounts and business units in question.We believe that this would alleviate us with the time requirements, the timely or rather immediate conclusion of the engagement, and the savings that will be generated and beneficial for you with regard to the audit fees. This document will be effective for the time being of the engagement unless the agreed party will be making changes, cancel the engagement, or if the said engagement will be fitful by a rule of law. Kindly affix your signature and forward the attached copy of this document to signify your understanding and agreement of the engagement.